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C++ Introduction
course content

Course Content

C++ Introduction

C++ Introduction

1. Getting Started
Why to Learn C++What is C++Entry Point of a ProgramStandard Library and FilesPreprocessor DirectivesThe First Program
2. Variables and Data Types
Introduction to VariablesData TypesNumerical Data TypesIntroduction to StringIntroduction to ArraysKeywords sizeof(), auto and typedefWorking with the Array
3. Introduction to Operators
Simple OperatorsA Little MathLogical OperatorsCompound Assignment OperatorPracticing Math Basics
4. Introduction to Program Flow
If...else StatementTernary OperatorSwitch StatementWhile LoopDo...while LoopFor LoopFibonacci Number with Loops
5. Introduction to Functions
What are Functions?Type of FunctionsReturn Statement in FunctionsFunctions With Arguments Simple Function

bookA Little Math

These five mathematical operators (+, -, *, /, and %) serve to carry out various mathematical operations:

cpp

main

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#include<iostream>

int main()
{
	int myVar = 9;
	int yourVar = 5;

	//using the sum operator (+)	
	int resultSum = myVar + yourVar;
	std::cout << "9 + 5 = " << resultSum << std::endl;

	//using the subtraction operator (-)
	int resultDiff = yourVar - myVar;
    std::cout << "5 - 9 = " << resultDiff << std::endl;

	//using the multiplication operator(*)
    int resultMult = myVar * yourVar;
  	std::cout << "9 * 5 = " << resultMult << std::endl;

	//using the division operator (/)
	int resultDiv = myVar / yourVar;
	std::cout << "9 / 5 = " << resultDiv << std::endl;

	//using the modulo operator (%)
	int resultModDiv = myVar % yourVar;
	std::cout << "9 % 5 = " << resultModDiv << std::endl;
}

The modulo operator (%) calculates and returns the remainder resulting from a standard division operation.

The division operator (/) returns only the integer part of the result, discarding any remainder. For instance, when dividing 10 by 3, the result is 3, not 3.333... To obtain the desired division result with decimals (e.g., 10 / 3 = 3.333), it is necessary for at least one of the operands to be of a double or float data type.

cpp

main

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#include<iostream>

int main()
{
	// one of the variable must be double or float type
	double myVar = 9;
	int yourVar = 5;

	std::cout << "9 / 5 = " << myVar / yourVar << " (Expected result)" << std::endl;

	// both operands of integer type
	int myVar1 = 9;
	int yourVar1 = 5;

	std::cout << "9 / 5 = " << myVar1 / yourVar1 << " (Not the expected result)" << std::endl;
}

The sum operator is the only mathematical operator that can be applied to string (that called concatenation):

cpp

main

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#include<iostream>
#include<string>

int main()
{
	std::string myVar = "code";
	std::string yourVar = "finity";

	//using sum operator (+) for concatenation	
	std::string resultSum = myVar + yourVar;
	std::cout << "code + finity = " << resultSum << std::endl;
}

There are also comparison operators (>, <, <=, >=). They are utilized when you need to numerically compare a value to a specific range:

cpp

main

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#include<iostream>

int main()
{
	int myVar = 9;
	int yourVar = 5;

	bool greater = (myVar > yourVar);
	std::cout << "9 > 5 is " << greater << std::endl;
  	
	bool greaterOrEqual = (myVar >= myVar);
	std::cout << "9 >= 9 is " << greaterOrEqual << std::endl;

	bool lessOrEqual = (myVar <= yourVar);
    std::cout << "9 <= 5 is " << lessOrEqual << std::endl;

	bool less = (myVar < yourVar);
    std::cout << "9 < 5 is " << less << std::endl;
}
1. What will be the output of the code:
2. What will be the output of the code:
What will be the output of the code:

What will be the output of the code:

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What will be the output of the code:

What will be the output of the code:

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Section 3. Chapter 2
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