Course Content

C# Basics

1. Getting Started

Why C#?C# Syntax Displaying Output Challenge: Outputting a Triangle Comments Challenge: Comments Variables Identifiers Challenge: Variable Declaration Basic Operators & Expressions Challenge: Operators

2. Dealing with Data Types

Integer Data Types Challenge: Declaring Explicitly Typed Variables Floating-Point and Double Booleans Character String Strings Challenge Basic String Formatting Challenge: String Formatting Declaring Constants Basic Type Casting Type Casting Practice Basic Type Conversion Basic Coding Practice

3. Control Structures

Comparison Operators Logical Operators Challenge: Operators Order of Operations If Statement Challenge: if Condition else Keyword Challenge: else Keyword if-else Chain Challenge: if, else-if, else switch Statement Challenge: Switch

4. Loops

for Loop Challenge: for Loop while Loop do-while Loop Challenge: do-while Loop break Statement continue Statement Challenge: break and continue

5. Arrays

What are Arrays?Challenge: Array Declaration Indexing Challenge: Indexing Multi-Dimensional Arrays Challenge: Multi-Dimensional Arrays Looping through Arrays Challenge: Array Loops

6. Methods

What are Methods?Creating and Calling Methods Challenge: Methods Creation Method Parameters Challenge: Method with Parameters Method Return Values Challenge: Return Values Local & Global Scopes Challenge: Scopes What's Next?

Method Return Values

In the last two chapters, we learned how to pass data into the functions but now we will learn how to retrieve data from the method back to the place where it was executed.

The process of retrieving data from methods is also called returning data and the data or value which is returned is called the return value.

The syntax for creating a method with a return value is the following:

main.cs


              1234
            
// Note: Parameters are optional
static returnDataType methodName(dataType parameter1, ...) {
    return valueToReturn;
}

The valueToReturn represents a variable, value, or expression which must be of the same type as the returnDataType.

Following is the correct example:

main.cs


              1234
            
static int sumOfThree(int a, int b, int c) {
    int sum = a + b + c;
    return sum;
}

If the wrong type of data is returned, it will show an error:

main.cs


              1234
            
static int sumOfThree(int a, int b, int c) {
    string sum = "10";
    return sum; // Error (the string has a number in it, but it is still a string/text)
}

The value which is returned from the sumOfThree method can be stored into a variable:

main.cs


              123456789101112131415161718
            
using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static int sumOfThree(int a, int b, int c) {
    		int sum = a + b + c;
    		return sum; 
		}

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int result = sumOfThree(5, 10, 15);
			Console.WriteLine(result); // Output: 30
        }
    }
}

We can also directly output the return value using Console.WriteLine:

main.cs


              1234567891011121314151617
            
using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static int sumOfThree(int a, int b, int c) {
    		int sum = a + b + c;
    		return sum; 
		}

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(sumOfThree(5, 10, 15));
        }
    }
}

We can also directly write expressions as return values. In that case, the expression is first evaluated and then the resulting value is returned.

Product of three integers:

main.cs


              12345678910111213141516
            
using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static int productOfThree(int a, int b, int c) {
		    return a * b * c;
		}

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(productOfThree(5, 10, 15));
        }
    }
}

Average:

main.cs


              12345678910111213141516
            
using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static float average(int a, int b) {
    		return (a + b) / 2.0f;
		}

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(average(5, 10));
        }
    }
}

Everything was clear?

Thanks for your feedback!

Section 6. Chapter 6

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Course Content

C# Basics

1. Getting Started

2. Dealing with Data Types

3. Control Structures

4. Loops

for Loop Challenge: for Loop while Loop do-while Loop Challenge: do-while Loop break Statement continue Statement Challenge: break and continue

5. Arrays

What are Arrays?Challenge: Array Declaration Indexing Challenge: Indexing Multi-Dimensional Arrays Challenge: Multi-Dimensional Arrays Looping through Arrays Challenge: Array Loops

6. Methods

Method Return Values

In the last two chapters, we learned how to pass data into the functions but now we will learn how to retrieve data from the method back to the place where it was executed.

The process of retrieving data from methods is also called returning data and the data or value which is returned is called the return value.

The syntax for creating a method with a return value is the following:

main.cs


              1234
            
// Note: Parameters are optional
static returnDataType methodName(dataType parameter1, ...) {
    return valueToReturn;
}

The valueToReturn represents a variable, value, or expression which must be of the same type as the returnDataType.

Following is the correct example:

main.cs


              1234
            
static int sumOfThree(int a, int b, int c) {
    int sum = a + b + c;
    return sum;
}

If the wrong type of data is returned, it will show an error:

main.cs


              1234
            
static int sumOfThree(int a, int b, int c) {
    string sum = "10";
    return sum; // Error (the string has a number in it, but it is still a string/text)
}

The value which is returned from the sumOfThree method can be stored into a variable:

main.cs


              123456789101112131415161718
            
using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static int sumOfThree(int a, int b, int c) {
    		int sum = a + b + c;
    		return sum; 
		}

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int result = sumOfThree(5, 10, 15);
			Console.WriteLine(result); // Output: 30
        }
    }
}

We can also directly output the return value using Console.WriteLine:

main.cs


              1234567891011121314151617
            
using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static int sumOfThree(int a, int b, int c) {
    		int sum = a + b + c;
    		return sum; 
		}

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(sumOfThree(5, 10, 15));
        }
    }
}

We can also directly write expressions as return values. In that case, the expression is first evaluated and then the resulting value is returned.

Product of three integers:

main.cs


              12345678910111213141516
            
using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static int productOfThree(int a, int b, int c) {
		    return a * b * c;
		}

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(productOfThree(5, 10, 15));
        }
    }
}

Average:

main.cs


              12345678910111213141516
            
using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static float average(int a, int b) {
    		return (a + b) / 2.0f;
		}

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(average(5, 10));
        }
    }
}

Everything was clear?

Thanks for your feedback!

Section 6. Chapter 6