Multi-Dimensional Arrays

Arrays can also have additional arrays inside them. Such arrays are called multi-dimensional arrays. These are useful when we want to store the data in a tabular form, with rows and columns, or in the form of a matrix.

We can declare a two-dimensional array using the following syntax:

main


              1
            
datatype[][] arrayName = new datatype[lengthX, lengthY];

The array created using the above syntax will have the length (size) equal to lengthX and each element will be an array of size lengthY:

main


              1
            
int[,] numbers = new int[3,3];

In the above case, we create a new two-dimensional matrix of 3x3 size. It means that it can hold 9 integer numbers. We can initialize a 2D array using the following syntax:

main


              12345
            
datatype [,] arrayName = {
    { element1, element2, ... },
    { element1, element2, ...},
    ...
};

Consider the example with real values:

main


              12345678910111213141516171819202122
            
using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
			int[,] numbers = {
                { 1, 2, 3, 4 },
                { 5, 6, 7, 8 },
                { 9, 10, 11, 12 }
            };

            // Displaying the array
            foreach (int number in numbers)
            {
                Console.Write(number + " ");
            }
        }
    }
}

The above is a 3x4 matrix and it can store 12 elements. The following illustration shows a 3x3 matrix in a visualized form:

Indexing in multidimensional arrays is similar to the normal arrays. We simply mention the row and the column index.

main


              1
            
arrayName[row, column];

For example, if we want to access 6 from the numbers array (shown in the illustration), we will access the 2nd row and the 3rd column:

main


              123456789101112131415161718
            
using System;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
			int[,] numbers = {
                { 1, 2, 3, 4 },
                { 5, 6, 7, 8 },
                { 9, 10, 11, 12 }
            };

            Console.WriteLine(numbers[1, 2]); // Output: 7        
          }
    }
}

Higher dimensional arrays are also possible by adding extra commas to the declaration syntax:

main


              123
            
int[,,] myArray3D = new int[3, 4, 5];
int[,,,] myArray4D = new int[5, 4, 9, 10];
// Similarly more complex ones are possible as well using the same pattern

In the above code myArray3D will have 60 elements (3x4x5), while myArray4D will have 1800 elements (5x4x9x10).

Following is how you would initialize a 3D array:

main


              123456
            
int[,,] numbers =
{
    { {1, 2, 3}, { 4, 5, 6 }, {7, 8, 9} },
    { {10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15}, {16, 17, 18} },
    { {19, 20, 21}, {22, 23, 24}, {25, 26, 27} }
};

Everything was clear?

Thanks for your feedback!

Section 5. Chapter 5