Vectors as Mathematical Objects
Vectors are a core concept in mathematics, representing quantities that have both magnitude and direction. In mathematical notation, a vector is often written as a column of numbers, such as v=(v1β,v2β,...,vnβ), where each entry is a component of the vector. Vectors can be added together and multiplied by scalars (real numbers), following specific rules: vector addition is performed component-wise, and scalar multiplication stretches or shrinks the vector by a constant factor. These operations make vectors fundamental building blocks for linear algebra and many areas of applied mathematics.
1234567891011121314# Creating numeric vectors in R v <- c(2, 4, 6) w <- c(1, 3, 5) # Vector addition sum_vw <- v + w # Scalar multiplication scalar <- 3 scaled_v <- scalar * v # Output the results sum_vw scaled_v
The R code above shows how to create vectors and perform basic operations that reflect their mathematical meaning. When you add two vectors, such as v+w, each component is added separately: (2+1,Β 4+3,Β 6+5) gives the new vector (3,7,11). Scalar multiplication, like 3βv, stretches the vector by multiplying each component by 3, resulting in (6,12,18). Geometrically, vector addition corresponds to placing the vectors head-to-tail and drawing the resultant from the origin to the end point, while scalar multiplication changes the length of the vector without altering its direction. These operations form the basis for more advanced linear algebra concepts.
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Vectors are a core concept in mathematics, representing quantities that have both magnitude and direction. In mathematical notation, a vector is often written as a column of numbers, such as v=(v1β,v2β,...,vnβ), where each entry is a component of the vector. Vectors can be added together and multiplied by scalars (real numbers), following specific rules: vector addition is performed component-wise, and scalar multiplication stretches or shrinks the vector by a constant factor. These operations make vectors fundamental building blocks for linear algebra and many areas of applied mathematics.
1234567891011121314# Creating numeric vectors in R v <- c(2, 4, 6) w <- c(1, 3, 5) # Vector addition sum_vw <- v + w # Scalar multiplication scalar <- 3 scaled_v <- scalar * v # Output the results sum_vw scaled_v
The R code above shows how to create vectors and perform basic operations that reflect their mathematical meaning. When you add two vectors, such as v+w, each component is added separately: (2+1,Β 4+3,Β 6+5) gives the new vector (3,7,11). Scalar multiplication, like 3βv, stretches the vector by multiplying each component by 3, resulting in (6,12,18). Geometrically, vector addition corresponds to placing the vectors head-to-tail and drawing the resultant from the origin to the end point, while scalar multiplication changes the length of the vector without altering its direction. These operations form the basis for more advanced linear algebra concepts.
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