Summary  
This chapter demonstrates how to use a for loop to iterate over an array by aligning the loop counter with array indexes, employing array.length to control the loop and accessing each element for operations like printing.

General domain of usage  
text processing

## How to Iterate Through an Array Using Loops?

**Arrays** and **loops** are frequently used in tandem. When dealing with a large array containing **100** or even **1000** elements, manually working with and extracting each element would be impractical.


To achieve such tasks, you'll employ **loops**. In the previous section, you observed that we initially assigned the variable ``i`` a value of ``0`` in the ``for`` loop, and array indexing also starts at ``0``.

Let's say we have a task to display all the elements of an array of type ``char`` with a length of ``10``. Let's examine a code fragment that accomplishes this task:


cGFja2FnZSBjb20uZXhhbXBsZTsKCnB1YmxpYyBjbGFzcyBNYWluIHsKICAgIHB1YmxpYyBzdGF0aWMgdm9pZCBtYWluKFN0cmluZ1tdIGFyZ3MpIHsKICAgICAgICAvLyBJbml0aWFsaXppbmcgYSBjaGFyIGFycmF5CiAgICAgICAgY2hhcltdIGNoYXJBcnJheSA9IHsnYycsICdvJywgJ2QnLCAnZScsICdmJywgJ2knLCAnbicsICdpJywgJ3QnLCAneSd9OwogICAgICAgIAogICAgICAgIC8vIFByaW50aW5nIHRoZSBhcnJheSB1c2luZyBhIGZvci1sb29wCiAgICAgICAgZm9yIChpbnQgaSA9IDA7IGkgPCBjaGFyQXJyYXkubGVuZ3RoOyBpKyspIHsKICAgICAgICAgICAgU3lzdGVtLm91dC5wcmludChjaGFyQXJyYXlbaV0pOwogICAgICAgIH0KICAgIH0KfQ==

`System.out.print` prints the value to the console without moving to a new line after the output.

Note

Let's take a closer look at how the loop iterates over an array:

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

package com.example;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.DynamicTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestFactory;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.DynamicTest.dynamicTest;

public class MainTest {

    @TestFactory
    Stream<DynamicTest> testCalculateAverage() {
        List<TestCase> testCases = List.of(
                new TestCase(new int[]{8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8}, 8.0),
                new TestCase(new int[]{7, 8, 6, 9, 7, 7, 8, 7, 6, 9}, 7.4),
                new TestCase(new int[]{5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5}, 5.0),
                new TestCase(new int[]{10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10}, 10.0),
                new TestCase(new int[]{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}, 0.0)
        );

        return testCases.stream().map(testCase -> {
            String inputStr = testCase.input == null ? "null" : toString(testCase.input);

            try {
                double actual = Main.calculateAverage(testCase.input);
                String name = Math.abs(actual - testCase.expected) < 0.0001
                        ? "Input: " + inputStr + " -> " + actual + " as expected."
                        : "Input: " + inputStr + " -> " + actual + ", expected: " + testCase.expected;

                return dynamicTest(name, () ->
                        assertEquals(testCase.expected, actual, 0.0001,
                                "Expected: " + testCase.expected + ", but got: " + actual));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                String name = "Runtime error: " + e.getClass().getSimpleName() + " - " + e.getMessage()
                        + " | Input: " + inputStr;

                return dynamicTest(name, () -> fail("Unexpected exception: " + e));
            }
        });
    }

    record TestCase(int[] input, double expected) {}

    private static String toString(int[] array) {
        return Arrays.toString(array);
    }
}


MainTest.java

Dive into the fundamentals of Java, covering primitive data types, control flow with if-else and switch statements, loops, arrays, and String manipulation. By the end, you'll write and debug basic console Java applications, solving practical tasks like filtering data, building retry logic, and formatting text output.

Discover how to write and execute your first Java program, and explore why Java is widely used for backend development, along with its basic syntax and memory model.

Explore the essentials of Java's primitive data types and operators, from performing mathematical calculations to writing conditional logic with if-else and switch statements.

Master the skills needed to control repetitive tasks using for, while, and do-while loops in Java. Apply these loops to solve iterative problems such as retry mechanisms and filtering numeric data.

Get hands-on experience with arrays in Java, from declaring and indexing elements to using built-in methods like sort, fill, and toString, and working with two-dimensional arrays.

Build confidence in using Java's String and StringBuilder classes, from built-in text methods to comparing strings safely with equals() and avoiding NullPointerException errors.

Challenge: Using Loops with Arrays

How to Iterate Through an Array Using Loops?

Solution