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Intermediate Python Techniques
course content

Course Content

Intermediate Python Techniques

Intermediate Python Techniques

1. Packing and Unpacking
UnpackingPackingPacking and Unpacking UsageChallenge: Dictionary UnpackingChallenge: The Champions League
2. Arguments in Function
Arguments Overview*argsChallenge: Average Mark**kwargsChallenge: kwargs
3. Function as an Argument
High-Order FunctionsLambda FunctionBuilt-in Functions
4. Variable Scope
Global VariableLocal VariableChallenge: Modifying a Global VariableNested FunctionsNonlocal VariableClosuresChallenge: Threshold Checker
5. Decorators
Introduction to DecoratorsSyntaxChallenge: Create Your DecoratorDecorators with ParametersChaining DecoratorsChallenge: Basic Smores RecipePractical Examples of Decorator Usage

bookUnpacking

Unpacking is a powerful and versatile concept. This feature allows you to extract values from various iterable data structures, such as tuples, lists, dictionaries, ranges, and even strings. The opposite action is packing. Often, these two concepts are used together simultaneously. Let's break down the topic step by step.

First of all, let's compare unpacking and packing.

Python can both pack and unpack values from iterables in a single assignment. To perform packing, use the * iterable unpacking operator before the variable name.


              
1234567

            
# unpacking
a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)  # a = 1, b = 2, c = 3
print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}")

# packing
a, b, *c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 # a = 1, b = 2, c = [3, 4, 5]
print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}")
copy

You will encounter errors if you attempt to unpack a different no of values than variables.


              
12

            
a, b = 1, 2, 3 # ValueError: too many values to unpack
a, b, c, d = 1, 2, 3 # ValueError: not enough values to unpack
copy

The value on the right side can be a tuple, list, generator, range, dictionary, set, or string. Let's explore each of these with examples.

Note

All values that are written in one line and separated by commas but without parentheses are one tuple. 1, 2, 3 same as (1, 2, 3)

The set is an unordered collection of data.

Task
test

Swipe to show code editor

Let's practice a little bit.

  • There is a tuple and you need to unpack it as in the example above.

  • Use the name, age, career variables.

  • Print it out to see the result.

Click the button below the code to check solution.

Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Everything was clear?

How can we improve it?

Thanks for your feedback!

Section 1. Chapter 1
toggle bottom row

bookUnpacking

Unpacking is a powerful and versatile concept. This feature allows you to extract values from various iterable data structures, such as tuples, lists, dictionaries, ranges, and even strings. The opposite action is packing. Often, these two concepts are used together simultaneously. Let's break down the topic step by step.

First of all, let's compare unpacking and packing.

Python can both pack and unpack values from iterables in a single assignment. To perform packing, use the * iterable unpacking operator before the variable name.


              
1234567

            
# unpacking
a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)  # a = 1, b = 2, c = 3
print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}")

# packing
a, b, *c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 # a = 1, b = 2, c = [3, 4, 5]
print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}")
copy

You will encounter errors if you attempt to unpack a different no of values than variables.


              
12

            
a, b = 1, 2, 3 # ValueError: too many values to unpack
a, b, c, d = 1, 2, 3 # ValueError: not enough values to unpack
copy

The value on the right side can be a tuple, list, generator, range, dictionary, set, or string. Let's explore each of these with examples.

Note

All values that are written in one line and separated by commas but without parentheses are one tuple. 1, 2, 3 same as (1, 2, 3)

The set is an unordered collection of data.

Task
test

Swipe to show code editor

Let's practice a little bit.

  • There is a tuple and you need to unpack it as in the example above.

  • Use the name, age, career variables.

  • Print it out to see the result.

Click the button below the code to check solution.

Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Everything was clear?

How can we improve it?

Thanks for your feedback!

Section 1. Chapter 1
toggle bottom row

bookUnpacking

Unpacking is a powerful and versatile concept. This feature allows you to extract values from various iterable data structures, such as tuples, lists, dictionaries, ranges, and even strings. The opposite action is packing. Often, these two concepts are used together simultaneously. Let's break down the topic step by step.

First of all, let's compare unpacking and packing.

Python can both pack and unpack values from iterables in a single assignment. To perform packing, use the * iterable unpacking operator before the variable name.


              
1234567

            
# unpacking
a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)  # a = 1, b = 2, c = 3
print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}")

# packing
a, b, *c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 # a = 1, b = 2, c = [3, 4, 5]
print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}")
copy

You will encounter errors if you attempt to unpack a different no of values than variables.


              
12

            
a, b = 1, 2, 3 # ValueError: too many values to unpack
a, b, c, d = 1, 2, 3 # ValueError: not enough values to unpack
copy

The value on the right side can be a tuple, list, generator, range, dictionary, set, or string. Let's explore each of these with examples.

Note

All values that are written in one line and separated by commas but without parentheses are one tuple. 1, 2, 3 same as (1, 2, 3)

The set is an unordered collection of data.

Task
test

Swipe to show code editor

Let's practice a little bit.

  • There is a tuple and you need to unpack it as in the example above.

  • Use the name, age, career variables.

  • Print it out to see the result.

Click the button below the code to check solution.

Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Everything was clear?

How can we improve it?

Thanks for your feedback!

Unpacking is a powerful and versatile concept. This feature allows you to extract values from various iterable data structures, such as tuples, lists, dictionaries, ranges, and even strings. The opposite action is packing. Often, these two concepts are used together simultaneously. Let's break down the topic step by step.

First of all, let's compare unpacking and packing.

Python can both pack and unpack values from iterables in a single assignment. To perform packing, use the * iterable unpacking operator before the variable name.


              
1234567

            
# unpacking
a, b, c = (1, 2, 3)  # a = 1, b = 2, c = 3
print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}")

# packing
a, b, *c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 # a = 1, b = 2, c = [3, 4, 5]
print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}")
copy

You will encounter errors if you attempt to unpack a different no of values than variables.


              
12

            
a, b = 1, 2, 3 # ValueError: too many values to unpack
a, b, c, d = 1, 2, 3 # ValueError: not enough values to unpack
copy

The value on the right side can be a tuple, list, generator, range, dictionary, set, or string. Let's explore each of these with examples.

Note

All values that are written in one line and separated by commas but without parentheses are one tuple. 1, 2, 3 same as (1, 2, 3)

The set is an unordered collection of data.

Task
test

Swipe to show code editor

Let's practice a little bit.

  • There is a tuple and you need to unpack it as in the example above.

  • Use the name, age, career variables.

  • Print it out to see the result.

Click the button below the code to check solution.

Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Section 1. Chapter 1
Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
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