Understanding the core components of a software system is essential for anyone learning about system architecture. Every software system is built from several key parts that work together to deliver functionality to users. Here is a simple breakdown of these components:

• Compute: This is the processing power of your system. It includes servers, virtual machines, or containers that run your software and perform calculations;
• Storage: This is where your data lives. Storage can be local disks, networked drives, or cloud-based solutions that save files, logs, and other information;
• Networking: These are the connections that allow different parts of your system to communicate. Networking includes switches, routers, and protocols that move data between components;
• Application layer: This is the part users interact with directly, such as web apps, mobile apps, or backend services. The application layer handles business logic and user requests;
• Database layer: This stores, retrieves, and manages structured data. The database layer uses systems like MySQL, PostgreSQL, or MongoDB to organize and access information efficiently;
• Interfaces: These are the ways users or other systems interact with your software. Interfaces include web APIs, command-line tools, dashboards, or graphical user interfaces (GUIs).

Each of these components has a specific role. Together, they form the foundation of a reliable, scalable software system.

Purpose of Core System Components

Compute

The compute component provides the processing power for your system. This includes servers, virtual machines, and containers that run your applications and services. In a DevOps workflow, compute resources are dynamically provisioned and scaled to meet demand, ensuring continuous delivery and rapid deployment.

Storage

Storage is responsible for saving and retrieving data. This includes disks, cloud storage services, and file systems. In DevOps, automated storage management allows for efficient handling of logs, backups, and application data, supporting rapid iteration and recovery.

Networking

Networking connects all components and users. It includes switches, routers, firewalls, and protocols that enable communication between services, users, and external systems. Reliable networking is critical in DevOps for seamless integration, continuous monitoring, and secure deployments.

Application Layer

The application layer delivers the business logic and user-facing features. It consists of the code and services that users interact with directly. In DevOps, automated builds, testing, and deployment pipelines ensure that changes to the application layer are delivered quickly and reliably.

Database Layer

The database layer manages structured data storage, retrieval, and manipulation. It includes relational and NoSQL databases. DevOps practices automate database provisioning, migrations, and scaling, ensuring data consistency and supporting high-velocity development.

Interfaces

Interfaces provide access points for users and other systems. This includes APIs, web interfaces, and command-line tools. In DevOps, well-designed interfaces enable automation, integration, and monitoring, making it easier to orchestrate workflows and respond to changes.

This mapping helps you identify how each part of a simple web application fits into the core system components, forming the foundation for more complex architectures.