Summary  
This chapter demonstrates how to use the `columns` attribute to retrieve all column names and the `dtypes` attribute to get the data type of each column in a DataFrame.

General domain of usage  
Data analysis

To see all the column names as a list, we have to use this line of code:
```python
column_names = df.columns
```

We can also get a summary of all the types of data that are in the dataframe. For this, we have to use the following attribute: `.dtypes`.
```python
data_types = df.dtypes
```

import unittest
import importlib
import pandas as pd


def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)


class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_column_names_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'column_names'),
            "The `column_names` variable is declared.",
            "Expected `column_names` to be declared."
        )

    def test_column_names_is_index(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.column_names, pd.Index)
            failure_message = f"Expected `column_names` to be an `Index`, but got `{type(user_code.column_names).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `column_names` variable is not declared."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `column_names` is an `Index`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_column_names_is_correct(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            wine_data = pd.read_csv(
                'https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a43d24b6-df61-4e11-9c90-5b36552b3437/wine.csv')
            expected_value = wine_data.columns
            condition = user_code.column_names.equals(expected_value)
            failure_message = f"Expected `column_names` to be `{expected_value}`, but got `{user_code.column_names}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            if not getattr(user_code, 'column_names', None):
                failure_message = "The `column_names` variable is not declared."
            else:
                failure_message = f"`column_names` is not an `Index`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`column_names` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_data_types_is_declared(self):
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'data_types'),
            "The `data_types` variable is declared.",
            "Expected `data_types` to be declared."
        )

    def test_data_types_is_series(self):
        import user_code

        try:
            condition = isinstance(user_code.data_types, pd.Series)
            failure_message = f"Expected `data_types` to be a `Series`, but got `{type(user_code.data_types).__name__}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The `data_types` variable is not declared."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The variable `data_types` is a `Series`.",
            failure_message
        )

    def test_data_types_is_correct(self):
        import user_code

        wine_data = pd.read_csv(
            'https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a43d24b6-df61-4e11-9c90-5b36552b3437/wine.csv')
        expected_value = wine_data.dtypes
        
        variable = 'data_types'
        actual_value = getattr(user_code, variable, None)
        if actual_value is None:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"The `{variable}` variable is not declared."
        elif isinstance(actual_value, pd.Series):
            condition = actual_value.equals(expected_value)
            if actual_value.empty:
                failure_message = f"`{variable}` is empty."
            else:
                failure_message = f"Expected `{variable}` to contain `{expected_value.values}`, but got `{actual_value.values}`."
        else:
            condition = False
            failure_message = f"`{variable}` is not a `Series`."

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            f"`first_row` contains the correct values.",
            failure_message
        )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

test_main.py

Pandas is an extremely user-friendly library for data analysis. It's also designed to handle large datasets, using data structures like DataFrame and Series. This makes it an invaluable tool for Data Science. In this guide, you'll get acquainted with a range of statistical functions, including how to find correlations, modes, medians, and maximum and minimum values within a dataset. You'll also learn how to handle missing values and manipulate specific values, as well as how to remove them.

In this section, we'll explore the fundamentals of Series and DataFrame structures. You'll also learn about the distinctions between these two types of structures.

Data can be sourced in various formats, such as CSV, JSON, SQL, HTML, and more. With Pandas, you're not limited to a single format — you can work with data across a multitude of file types. In this chapter, we'll specifically focus on the CSV and TXT formats.

Here, you'll learn how to process raw data by removing extraneous information and managing null values in a dataset.

Column Names and Data Types

Solution

Awesome!

Column Names and Data Types

Solution

Awesome!