import unittest
import psycopg2
import pandas as pd
import re

class TestPostgresQuery(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.connection = psycopg2.connect(
            host="localhost",
            user="agent",
            password="qwerty",
            dbname="testdb",
            sslmode="disable"
        )
        cls.cursor = cls.connection.cursor()

    def test_selects_population_column(self):
        """Check if only the 'population' column is selected."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read()
        self.cursor.execute(query)
        columns = [desc[0] for desc in self.cursor.description]
        condition = columns == ["population"]
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "Query selects only the 'population' column.",
            f"Query does not select only the 'population' column. Columns found: {columns}"
        )

    def test_orders_population_ascending(self):
        """Check if the population column is ordered in ascending order (NULLs last)."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read()
        self.cursor.execute(query)
        results = self.cursor.fetchall()
        populations = [row[0] for row in results]
        # Remove nulls for ordering check
        non_null_populations = [p for p in populations if p is not None]
        sorted_non_null = sorted(non_null_populations)
        # Find where first null appears
        null_start = None
        for i, p in enumerate(populations):
            if p is None:
                null_start = i
                break
        # All nulls must be at the end
        nulls_at_end = True
        if null_start is not None:
            nulls_at_end = all(x is None for x in populations[null_start:])
        condition = (non_null_populations == sorted_non_null) and nulls_at_end
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "Population values are ordered in ascending order with NULLs at the end.",
            "Population values are not ordered in ascending order or NULLs are not at the end."
        )

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

def normalize_text(text):
    text = text.lower()
    text = re.sub(r"\s{2,}", " ", text)
    text = re.sub(r"\s*([,:?])\s*", r"\1 ", text)
    return text.strip()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()


test_solution.py

Explore the essentials of SQL, from retrieving and filtering data with SELECT and WHERE to sorting results with ORDER BY and summarizing them with aggregate functions like COUNT, AVG, and SUM. Through hands-on challenges, you'll build the skills to query real datasets with confidence.

Discover how to retrieve single, multiple, and all columns from a table using the SQL SELECT statement. Learn to return distinct rows and limit the number of results returned by a query.

Discover how to organize query results using the ORDER BY clause. Learn to sort data by one or multiple columns and control the sort direction with ascending or descending order for clearer output.



Discover how to filter query results using the WHERE clause. Learn to test for equality and inequality, check values against a range, and identify NULL values in your data.

Discover how to refine your search conditions by combining WHERE clauses with the AND and OR operators. Learn to use the NOT operator to exclude specific results from your query.



Discover how to summarize table data using SQL aggregate functions. Learn to calculate averages and totals with AVG and SUM, count rows with COUNT, and find extremes with MAX and MIN.



Challenge: Population Sort

Solution