import unittest
import psycopg2
import pandas as pd

class TestTask(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.connection = psycopg2.connect(
            host="localhost",
            user="agent",
            password="qwerty",
            dbname="testdb",
            sslmode="disable"
        )
        cls.cursor = cls.connection.cursor()

    def test_columns_and_order(self):
        """Check that the query selects the correct columns in the correct order."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read()
        self.cursor.execute(query)
        columns = [desc[0] for desc in self.cursor.description]
        expected_columns = ["id", "name", "population", "continent"]
        condition = columns == expected_columns
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "Selected columns are exactly id, name, population, continent in correct order.",
            f"Selected columns are {columns}, but expected {expected_columns}."
        )

    def test_filter_north_america(self):
        """Check that only rows with continent 'North America' are returned."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read()
        self.cursor.execute(query)
        rows = self.cursor.fetchall()
        # continent is the 4th column (index 3)
        all_na = all(row[3] == 'North America' for row in rows)
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            all_na,
            "All rows have continent 'North America'.",
            "There are rows with continent not equal to 'North America'."
        )

    def test_population_descending(self):
        """Check that the result is ordered by population descending."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read()
        self.cursor.execute(query)
        rows = self.cursor.fetchall()
        populations = [row[2] for row in rows]
        condition = all(populations[i] >= populations[i+1] for i in range(len(populations)-1))
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "Population column is sorted in descending order.",
            "Population column is not sorted in descending order."
        )

    def test_expected_rows(self):
        """Check that the correct rows are returned for 'North America'."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read()
        self.cursor.execute(query)
        user_rows = self.cursor.fetchall()
        user_rows_set = set(user_rows)
        # Expected rows for 'North America' continent
        expected_rows = [
            (8, 'United States', 278357000, 'North America'),
            (3, 'Mexico ', 98881000, 'North America')
        ]
        # Remove trailing spaces from name for comparison
        expected_rows = [ (r[0], r[1].strip(), r[2], r[3]) for r in expected_rows ]
        user_rows_set = set( (r[0], r[1].strip(), r[2], r[3]) for r in user_rows )
        expected_rows_set = set(expected_rows)
        missing = expected_rows_set - user_rows_set
        extra = user_rows_set - expected_rows_set
        condition = len(missing) == 0 and len(extra) == 0
        msg = ""
        if missing:
            msg += f"Missing rows: {missing}\\n"
        if extra:
            msg += f"Unexpected extra rows: {extra}\\n"
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "Query returns exactly the expected rows for 'North America'.",
            msg.strip()
        )

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

def normalize_text(text):
    import re
    text = text.lower()
    text = re.sub(r"\s{2,}", " ", text)
    text = re.sub(r"\s*([,:?])\s*", r"\1 ", text)
    return text.strip()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()


test_solution.py

This course is perfect for beginners ready to explore the world of SQL. Whether you're just starting out in database management or aiming to use SQL for your application development projects, this course covers the essentials. You'll quickly learn how to leverage the full potential of SQL, from querying and managing data to seamlessly integrating it into real-world applications. By the end of the course, you'll have the confidence and skills to solve practical problems with SQL and enhance your development process.

In this section, we will learn how to use the SQL SELECT statement to get a single table column, multiple table columns, and all table columns. We will also find out how to return unique values.

In this section, we’ll explore how to organize and prioritize the data returned by a query using the ORDER BY clause. Placed at the end of a SELECT statement, this clause lets you sort your results by one or multiple columns, either in ascending or descending order, enabling more meaningful and easily interpretable data output.

In this section, we will learn how to filter returned data using the SELECT statement's WHERE clause. We will learn how to test for equality, inequality, more and less significant than value ranges, and NULL values.

In this section, we’ll explore how to refine your search conditions by combining WHERE clauses with the AND and OR operators. We’ll also cover how the NOT operator can be used to exclude certain results.

In this section, we will learn what the SQL aggregate functions are and how to use them to summarize table data.

Challenge: North America Population Sort

Solution