Understanding and effectively using **cell references** in Excel is a fundamental part of creating **flexible and dynamic** formulas. 

Cell references can be **relative, absolute, and mixed** and understanding them allows you to build formulas that **update automatically** when your data changes.

## Key Points
- When copying a **relative reference** to another cell it adjusts based on the new cell's position;
- **Absolute references** remain constant regardless of where the formula is copied by using **dollar symbols** (`$`) before the **row and the column** references;
- **Mixed references** combine relative and absolute references, **locking** either the **row** or **column** using the dollar (`$`) symbol.

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Excel for Beginners

Working with Excel Cell References

Key Points