Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts of object-oriented programming (OOP). It refers to the ability to store information inside a class with limited access.

Access Types

There are different access types for attributes and methods:

• Public: Attributes/Methods that can be accessed and used both inside and outside the class.
• Protected: Attributes/Methods that are intended to be used within the class and its subclasses. They are indicated by a single underscore prefix, such as _attribute or _method.
• Private: Attributes/Methods that are intended to be used only within the class and cannot be accessed or used from outside the class. They are indicated by a double underscore prefix, such as __attribute or __method.

Syntax

Access types in Python are implemented simply. You can create attributes/methods with addition marks:

class SomeClass:
    attribute = "Public"
    _attribute = "Protected"
    __attribute = "Private"
    
    def method(self):
        print("Public method")
        
    def _method(self):
        print("Protected method")

    def __method(self):
        print("Private method")