Courses /

Linux Basics

1. About Linux

In this section, we'll learn about what Linux is, and also download one of the operating systems based on it.

Course Overview

What is Linux and its Advantages

Ubuntu is a Good Choice

2. Virtual Machine

In this section, we will create a virtual machine on your computer and install Linux on it.

Physical Operating System vs Virtual Machine

Installing VirtualBox and Ubuntu

Installing UTM and Ubuntu

3. Fundamental Skills

In this section, you will learn the basic skills for working with the Linux operating system, which differ from working with Windows or macOS.

Hotkeys in Linux

Terminal: File Navigation

Installing Programs

The Ubuntu Repository

Updating Programs

4. Users, Roles and The Permissions

In this section, you will learn how to work with users and their groups, as well as how to configure access rights for them.

Setting Permissions

In this section, we will explore the process of configuring access rights in Linux, providing you with the necessary knowledge for effectively controlling who has access to your information. From understanding basic concepts to practical examples of access rights configuration, this section will help you ensure the security of your system and data.

Video Description

Creating two users (Programmer and their colleague):
```
sudo adduser programmer
sudo adduser colleague
```
During the creation of each user, you may be prompted to enter additional details such as a password and other information.
Switching to the first user:
```
su programmer
```
```
cd /home/programmer/Documents
```
Creating a file on behalf of the first user:
```
touch program.txt
```
Setting file permissions:
```
chmod u=rw,g=r,o=- program.txt
```
Writing text to the file on behalf of the first user:
```
echo "print('Hi')" > program.txt
```
Switching to the second user:
```
su colleague
```
Attempting to edit the file on behalf of the second user (to demonstrate restricted permissions):
```
nano program.txt
```

In Ubuntu, individual users, groups, and other users have default access permissions. Here are some key details:

File Owner: Has all access rights: read, write, and execute (rwx);
File Group: Typically has read and write permissions (rw);
Other Users: Have only the right to read (r).

These permissions can be modified using the chmod command.

Explanation of Parameters

Image Description

Value	Explanation
u	Owner of the file
g	Group to which the file belongs
o	Others (non-owner users of the system)
a	All users (owner, group, and others)
+	Add permissions
-	Remove permissions
=	Set permissions
r	Read permission
w	Write permission
x	Execute permission

The command chmod u=rw,g=r,o=- myfile.txt sets the following permissions for the file myfile.txt:

The user (owner) gets read and write permissions (rw);
The group gets read permission (r);
Others have no access (-).

This command strictly limits access to the myfile.txt file, allowing only the owner to read and write to it, while allowing the group to read and denying access to all other users.

Everything was clear?

Section 4. Chapter 4

Course Content

Linux Basics

1. About Linux

Course Overview What is Linux and its Advantages Ubuntu is a Good Choice

2. Virtual Machine

Physical Operating System vs Virtual Machine Installing VirtualBox and Ubuntu Installing UTM and Ubuntu

3. Fundamental Skills

Hotkeys in Linux Terminal: File Navigation Installing Programs The Ubuntu Repository Updating Programs

4. Users, Roles and The Permissions

The Role Сoncept Users User Groups Setting Permissions Linux Distributions

Linux Basics

Setting Permissions

Video Description

Creating two users (Programmer and their colleague):
```
sudo adduser programmer
sudo adduser colleague
```
During the creation of each user, you may be prompted to enter additional details such as a password and other information.
Switching to the first user:
```
su programmer
```
```
cd /home/programmer/Documents
```
Creating a file on behalf of the first user:
```
touch program.txt
```
Setting file permissions:
```
chmod u=rw,g=r,o=- program.txt
```
Writing text to the file on behalf of the first user:
```
echo "print('Hi')" > program.txt
```
Switching to the second user:
```
su colleague
```
Attempting to edit the file on behalf of the second user (to demonstrate restricted permissions):
```
nano program.txt
```

In Ubuntu, individual users, groups, and other users have default access permissions. Here are some key details:

File Owner: Has all access rights: read, write, and execute (rwx);
File Group: Typically has read and write permissions (rw);
Other Users: Have only the right to read (r).

These permissions can be modified using the chmod command.

Explanation of Parameters

Image Description

Value	Explanation
u	Owner of the file
g	Group to which the file belongs
o	Others (non-owner users of the system)
a	All users (owner, group, and others)
+	Add permissions
-	Remove permissions
=	Set permissions
r	Read permission
w	Write permission
x	Execute permission

The command chmod u=rw,g=r,o=- myfile.txt sets the following permissions for the file myfile.txt:

The user (owner) gets read and write permissions (rw);
The group gets read permission (r);
Others have no access (-).

This command strictly limits access to the myfile.txt file, allowing only the owner to read and write to it, while allowing the group to read and denying access to all other users.

Everything was clear?

Section 4. Chapter 4