1. 1. In the first method, use the indexOf() and lastIndexOf() methods to initialize integer variables;
   1. 2. Then, use the substring(first, last) method to initialize the result variable;
   2. 3. In the second method, use the charAt() method to initialize char variables. Remember that the first element is located at index 0, and the last element is located at index string.length() - 1;
   3. 4. Check the output result. The expected output should be e and m.

package com.example;

public class Main {
    static String makeSubstringFromToSymbol(String string, String symbols) {
        int firstIndex = string.indexOf(symbols);
        int lastIndex = string.lastIndexOf(symbols);
        String result = string.substring(firstIndex, lastIndex);
        return result;
    }

    static void findAndPrintFirstAndLastCharacters(String string) {
        char firstChar = string.charAt(0);
        char lastChar = string.charAt(string.length() - 1);
        System.out.println("First character = " + firstChar
                + " . Last character = " + lastChar);
    }
    
    // do not change code from below
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String string = "This message need to be refactored within two methods!";
        String symbol = "e";
        findAndPrintFirstAndLastCharacters(makeSubstringFromToSymbol(string, symbol));
    }
    // do not change the code above
}