Cyber Security Fundamentals

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers. These layers, from physical transmission to application-level interactions, facilitate seamless communication between devices and networks.

Overview of OSI Layers

• Physical Layer (Layer 1):
  • Focus: Physical transmission of raw binary data over the network medium.
  • Key Components: Cables, connectors, switches, and physical network interface cards (NICs).
• Data Link Layer (Layer 2):
  • Focus: Framing, addressing, and error detection within the data frames.
  • Key Components: MAC addresses, switches, and bridges.
• Network Layer (Layer 3):
  • Focus: Routing and logical addressing for end-to-end communication.
  • Key Components: Routers, IP addresses, and routing protocols.
• Transport Layer (Layer 4):
  • Focus: End-to-end communication and data flow control.
  • Key Components: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
• Session Layer (Layer 5):
  • Focus: Establishing, managing, and terminating sessions between applications.
  • Key Components: Session establishment and synchronization.
• Presentation Layer (Layer 6):
  • Focus: Translation and encryption of data for application compatibility.
  • Key Components: Data format translation, encryption, and compression.
• Application Layer (Layer 7):
  • Focus: End-user services and application-level interactions.
  • Key Components: Network-aware applications, user interfaces.

Why is OSI model important for cyber security?

Understanding the OSI model is crucial in cybersecurity for granular analysis of network functionality, facilitating effective threat detection and mitigation. It assists in implementing security measures at each layer, ensuring a comprehensive defense against cyber threats, and forms the basis for interpreting communication protocols and troubleshooting network issues. Aligning security policies with specific OSI layers enhances overall cybersecurity posture systematically.

The OSI model aids in granular analysis of network functionality by dividing it into how many layers?

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6

7

8

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