Course Content

Stream API

1. Fundamentals and Functional Capabilities of Stream API

Architecture Principles What Is a Functional Interface?Predicate: Data Filtering Challenge: Filtering Corporate Email Addresses Function: Data Transformation Challenge: Income Tax Calculation Comparable: Natural Ordering of Data Comparator: Custom Comparison of Data Challenge: Sorting Employees Consumer: Processing Data Supplier: Data Generation Bi-versions of Functional Interfaces Challenge: Filtering Users by Two Criteria BinaryOperator: Combining Two Values

2. Intermediate Operations in Stream API

Transforming Elements with the map() Method Filtering Elements with the filter() Method Challenge: Factory Product Filtering Working with Nested Structures with the flatMap() Method Arranging Items in Order with the sorted() Method Challenge: Selecting the Best Cars on the Production Line Eliminating Duplicates with the distinct() Method Challenge: Factory Quality Control Restricting and Skipping Elements with the limit() and skip() Methods Challenge: Finding the Top 3 Hardest-Working Employees Intermediate Processing with the peek() Method

3. Terminal Operations in the Stream API

collect() Gathering Stream Elements into a Collection Challenge: Build a Custom Collector for Category Counting Collectors Utility Class for Stream API Processing Elements with the forEach() Method Handling Values with the Optional Class Aggregating Elements with the reduce() Method Challenge: Calculating Total Cost with Discounts and Tax Calculating Stream Statistics with count(), max(), and min()Retrieving Stream Summary Metrics with summaryStatistics() Method Retrieving Elements from a Stream with findFirst() and findAny()Challenge: Selecting Random Products Within a Category Checking Stream Elements Against a Condition with allMatch()Challenge: Ensuring Fast Delivery for Expensive Products

4. Practical Applications of Stream API

Real-World Examples of Using Stream API Performance in Stream API Exception Handling in Stream API Summary

Arranging Items in Order with the sorted() Method

In Java's Stream API, the sorted() method allows you to sort stream elements efficiently. Sorting is a crucial operation because it simplifies data processing, making it easier to arrange elements in the desired order.

Natural Order Sorting

The sorted() method is overloaded and has two versions. Let's start with the first one:

This version sorts elements based on their natural ordering. To use this method, the elements must implement the Comparable interface, which allows them to be automatically compared and ordered.

Practical Example

Imagine a factory with various parts, each having a unique weight. The goal is to sort these parts in ascending order based on their weight using the Comparable interface.

Main


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package com.example;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // List of factory parts
        List<Part> parts = Arrays.asList(
                new Part("Wheel", 10),
                new Part("Engine", 250),
                new Part("Brake", 15),
                new Part("Chassis", 80)
        );

        // Sorting parts by weight in ascending order
        parts.stream()
                .sorted()  // Sorting by natural order
                .forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

class Part implements Comparable<Part> {
    private String partName;
    private int weight;

    public Part(String partName, int weight) {
        this.partName = partName;
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    public String getPartName() {
        return partName;
    }

    public int getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Part other) {
        return Integer.compare(this.weight, other.weight);  // Sorting by weight
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return partName + ": " + weight + "kg";
    }
}

Here, the Part class implements the Comparable<Part> interface. The compareTo() method sorts parts by weight using Integer.compare(this.weight, other.weight).

In the main class, the sorted() method sorts the stream of parts in ascending order based on their weight.

Sorting with a Comparator

The second version of the sorted() method allows sorting using a custom Comparator. This method takes a Comparator as a parameter, defining how elements should be compared and ordered.

With this approach, you can specify a custom sorting order, giving us more control over how elements are arranged.

Practical Example

Suppose you need to sort a list of factory employees by salary in descending order. You'll use the sorted() method with a comparator to achieve this.

Main


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package com.example;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // List of factory employees
        List<Employee> employees = Arrays.asList(
                new Employee("John", 50000),
                new Employee("Emily", 75000),
                new Employee("Michael", 45000),
                new Employee("Sophia", 60000)
        );

        // Sorting employees by salary in descending order
        employees.stream()
                .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(Employee::getSalary).reversed())  // Sorting in descending order
                .forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

class Employee {
    private String name;
    private int salary;

    public Employee(String name, int salary) {
        this.name = name;
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return name + ": " + salary;
    }
}

Here, you used the comparator Comparator.comparingInt(Employee::getSalary).reversed(), which first sorts employees by salary in ascending order and then applies reversed() to switch it to descending order.

Everything was clear?

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Section 2. Chapter 5