The for...in loop is used for iterating over the properties of an object;

It allows you to access each property's name (key) and its corresponding value during iteration;

A basic syntax for for...in loop is:

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You can use this loop to loop through the properties of an object and perform actions on them;

Example: Iterating through properties of an object and logging their names and values.

hasOwnProperty() is a method to check if a specific property exists directly on an object, distinguishing it from inherited properties;

It returns a Boolean value indicating whether the object has a property with the specified name;

It is often combined with the for...in loop to ensure that only the object's properties are accessed;

Example: Using hasOwnProperty() with for...in loop to iterate through object properties safely.

The spread operator ( ... ) is a tool for creating new objects by merging and copying properties from existing objects;

It can clone objects, add or modify properties, and create new objects;

The basic syntax for object creation using the spread operator is:

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Examples: Cloning an object, adding/modifying properties, and merging properties from multiple objects using the spread operator.

Object destructuring allows you to extract specific properties from an object and assign them to variables;

It can make code more concise and readable, especially for objects with multiple properties;

The syntax for object destructuring is:

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You can provide default values, rename variables, and perform nested object destructuring;

Examples: Extracting properties from an object, providing default values, renaming variables, and destructuring nested objects.