Mastering Python: Annotations, Errors and Environment

Mastering Python: Annotations, Errors and Environment

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1. Annotations

Let's consider annotations. Annotations are used in our code to make it more understandable for other developers. It's time to learn how we can help other developers to understand our code.

What are Annotations?

Variable Annotation

Return Annotation

Challenge: Annotate the Function

2. Function Arguments in Details

There are different functions: some for a specific task, some flexible. Here we will learn how to implement different functions with the help of an in-depth study of arguments and their types.

Positional Arguments

Optional Arguments

Arbitrary Arguments (*args)

Arbitrary Keyword Arguments (**kwargs)

Challenge: Snake and Sum

3. Error Handling

Caught an error? This is normal. There is no programmer who prevented errors in the program. Here we will learn how to handle errors, and we will also learn how to use them for good.

What are Errors?

Detailed except

Challenge: Safely Auth

4. Virtual Environment

Virtual Environment (venv) is an isolated development environment that helps projects to isolate their interpreter and modules. It's essential for every developer to learn how to use venv, so let's get started.

What is Virtual Environment?

Creating a Virtual Environment

Project Requirements

Virtual Environment in IDE: PyCharm

Virtual Environment in IDE: VS Code

Course Content

Mastering Python: Annotations, Errors and Environment

Mastering Python: Annotations, Errors and Environment

Arbitrary Keyword Arguments (**kwargs)

Arbitrary Keyword Arguments (**kwargs) are arbitrary arguments with name. Syntax of the keyword argument (keyword=argument). The **kwargs syntax allows us to pass a different number of named arguments.

In the example above, we pass the named arguments (first=11 and other) to the some_function().
The taken kwargs is a dict (dictionary) where:

keys are taken keywords in the str type.
values are values of these keywords.

key (keyword)	value
`first`	`11`
`second`	`22`
`some`	`33`

The operations with keywords are regular dict operations. You can use the keys() dictionary method to get all taken keywords and use the items() to get the key-value pairs:

1. What do you need to use to take a tuple of optional arguments?

2. What do you need to use to take a dict of keyword arguments?

Everything was clear?

Section 2. Chapter 4

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