Mastering Python: Annotations, Errors and Environment

Mastering Python: Annotations, Errors and Environment

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1. Annotations

Let's consider annotations. Annotations are used in our code to make it more understandable for other developers. It's time to learn how we can help other developers to understand our code.

What are Annotations?

Variable Annotation

Return Annotation

Challenge: Annotate the Function

2. Function Arguments in Details

There are different functions: some for a specific task, some flexible. Here we will learn how to implement different functions with the help of an in-depth study of arguments and their types.

Positional Arguments

Optional Arguments

Arbitrary Arguments (*args)

Arbitrary Keyword Arguments (**kwargs)

Challenge: Snake and Sum

3. Error Handling

Caught an error? This is normal. There is no programmer who prevented errors in the program. Here we will learn how to handle errors, and we will also learn how to use them for good.

What are Errors?

Detailed except

Challenge: Safely Auth

4. Virtual Environment

Virtual Environment (venv) is an isolated development environment that helps projects to isolate their interpreter and modules. It's essential for every developer to learn how to use venv, so let's get started.

What is Virtual Environment?

Creating a Virtual Environment

Project Requirements

Virtual Environment in IDE: PyCharm

Virtual Environment in IDE: VS Code

Course Content

Mastering Python: Annotations, Errors and Environment

Mastering Python: Annotations, Errors and Environment

Optional Arguments

The positional arguments are required to be filled in. However, you can assign a default value to the positional argument using the = operator:


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def user_data(name="UnknownName", surname="UnknownSurname"):
    print("Name:", name)
    print("Surname:", surname)

user_data("John", "Smith")
user_data("John")
user_data()

In the example above, if you don't pass a value to the name argument, it will be assigned the default value "UnknownName". The default value "UnknownSurname" and the surname argument work similarly.

The default value makes the corresponding positional arguments optional, but the total number of positional arguments required to be passed remains strict.


              12345
            
def user_data(name="UnknownName", surname="UnknownSurname"):
    print("Name:", name)
    print("Surname:", surname)

user_data("John", "Smith", "18 years old")

In the next chapter, we will describe how to define a function that can take a variable number of arguments.

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Section 2. Chapter 2

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