Course Content

C++ OOP

1. Fundamentals of OOP in C++

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming in C++Why use Object-Oriented Programming?Class Creation Syntax Attributes of the Class Methods of the Class Static Members of The Class The This Keyword Classes and Objects Overview

2. Constructors and Destructors

What is a Constructor of the Class Constructor and Attributes Constructor Initialization List Initialization List Practice Constructor Delegation Constructor Delegation Practice What is a Destructor of the Class Constructors and Destructors Practice

3. Encapsulation Overview

Introduction to Encapsulation Access Modifiers Keywords Access Modifiers Practice Accessor and Mutator Methods Segmentation and Aggregation The Friend Keyword

4. Inheritance Overview

Introduction to Inheritance Access Modifiers in Inheritance Mulptiple Inheritance Constructor and Destructor in Inheritance Diamond Inheritance The Final Keyword

5. Polymorphism Overview

Introduction to Polymorphism Virtual and Override Keywords Pure Virtual Method Operator Overloading

Access Modifiers in Inheritance

Access modifiers play a crucial role in object-oriented programming, especially in inheritance. They determine how the members (attributes and methods) of a base class can be accessed by derived classes. Understanding these modifiers is essential for designing effective classes and maintaining data encapsulation and integrity.

Access Types of Inheritance

A class can be derived from another class. The derived class inherits members from the base class, but the accessibility of these inherited members depends on both the access modifier used in the base class and the type of inheritance.

	Base Class public	Base Class protected	Base Class private
`public`	Public in Derived Class	Protected in Derived Class	Not Accessible
`protected`	Protected in Derived Class	Protected in Derived Class	Not Accessible
`private`	Private in Derived Class	Private in Derived Class	Not Accessible

public.cpp

protected.cpp

private.cpp


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class Derived : public Base {
    // publicMember is public
    // protectedMember is protected
    // privateMember is not accessible
};

Access Control and Inheritance Conclusion

In object-oriented inheritance, private members of a base class are inaccessible to derived classes, safeguarding them from modification or retrieval. Protected members can only be accessed within the subclass, while public members can be accessed externally. You can experiment with this using the code snippet below.

main.cpp


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class Base
{
public:
    int publicAttribute;
protected:
    int protectedAttribute;
private:
    int privateAttribute;
};

class PublicDerived : public Base {};
class ProtectedDerived : protected Base {};
class PrivateDerived : private Base {};

int main()
{
    PublicDerived obj1;
    ProtectedDerived obj2;
    PrivateDerived obj3;
}

Note

Protected members, accessible within derived and further derived classes, serve as a bridge between private and public elements.

Constructors and destructors are automatically invoked for derived class objects, ensuring proper resource initialization and cleanup. To access these base class elements directly, constructors and destructors must be declared public.

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Section 4. Chapter 2

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